Relationship between meteorological factors, air pollutants and hand, foot and mouth disease from 2014 to 2020 (preprint)

Background: Meteorological factors and air pollutants have been reported to be associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics before the introduction of vaccine. However, there is limited evidence from studies with long-term dimensions.Methods: We collected the daily HFMD counts, weather and air pollution data from 2014 to 2020 in Chengdu. Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were used to assess the associations of meteorological factors and air pollutants on HFMD cases. Results: From 2014-2020, high relative humidity and precipitation and extremely high and low levels of PM10, O3, SO2 and CO increased the risk of HFMD. In pre-vaccination period, extreme high and low temperatures, PM10 and NO2, low precipitation and high concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 significantly increase the risk of HFMD; In post-vaccination period, low temperature and high relative humidity, O3, NO2 and CO can significantly increase the incidence of HFMD; During the period of COVID-19, only low temperature will significantly increase the risk of HFMD; Low concentration of air pollutants has the greatest impact on the 6-14 age group, while the high concentration of air pollutants has the greatest impact on the 0-1 age group.Conclusions: Our study suggest that high relative humidity and precipitation and extremely high and low levels of PM10, O3, SO2 and CO increased the risk of HFMD from 2014 to 2020. The results of this study provide a reference for local authorities to formulate intervention measures and establish an environment-based disease early warning system.

Rethinking the Role of Technology in Virtual Teams in Light of COVID-19 (preprint)

The use of virtual teams by organisations has grown tremendously as a strategic response to COVID-19. However, the concept of virtual teams is not something new, with many businesses over the past three decades gradually incorporating virtual and/or dispersed teams into their processes. Research on virtual teams has followed that of co-located face-to-face teams through lenses such as trust, communication, teamwork, leadership and collaboration. This paper introduces a new paradigm for examining the development of virtual teams, arguably one that would facilitate the consideration of technology as part of a virtual team rather than simply as an alternate to face-to-face teams. That is, viewing the development of virtual teams with embedded technology within an organisation through an innovation framework.